Ndifferential diagnosis of meningitis pdf

Who practical guidelines, control of epidemic meningococcal disease. Broadly speaking, there are three main potential areas of concern. To find out if your teenager has meningitis, his doctor may ask him to get a procedure called a lumbar puncture, or spinal tap. Understand the indications for neuroimaging, adjunctive corticosteroids, and repeat lumbar puncture in children with bacterial meningitis. Differential diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis neurology. Meningitis differential diagnoses medscape reference. Clinical diagnosis the classical symptoms and signs of acute meningitis may be absent in the very young, the very old and the very sick. In endemic situations, acute meningitis or meningoencephalitis is associated with purulent or cloudy csf only in a minority of cases. First is differentiating bacterial meningitis from other diseases which have similar clinical presentation as bacterial meningitis such as encephalitis, brain abscess, subarachnoid hemorrage, and brain tumour. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis aafp.

International and local guidelines differ with regard to initial empirical. Noninfectious meningitis, including medicationinduced meningeal inflammation. Initial diagnostic testing should be directed at excluding lifethreatening, common, and treatable etiologies. Gramnegative refers to gram staining, a routine laboratory test used to determine the.

Chronic meningitis requires a degree of clinical suspicion, as again signs of meningism may be minimal or absent. Given the lack of specificity of clinical findings, the key to the diagnosis of meningitis is the evaluation of csf. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. The differential diagnosis between viral meningitis and bacterial meningitis is often very difficult.

Among adults in developed countries, the mortality rate from bacterial meningitis is 21 percent. Pdf differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis using. Tuberculous meningitis tbm is the most common form of central nervous system tuberculosis tb and has very high morbidity and mortality. Clinical presentation of meningitis and encephalitis and subtypes. Within the united states, almost 30 percent of strains of pneumococci, the most common etiologic agent of bacterial meningitis, are not susceptible to penicillin. The differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis includes two step approach. When can the management of meningitis become difficult. Types of meningitis including less common types and symptoms and diagnosis of the correct subtype. Meningitis causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology. Describe the causes, clinical manifestations, and general approach to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the different types of meningitis in children of various ages. The differential diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis includes bacterial, viral, fungal, and autoimmune etiologies. Patients diagnosed with meningitis syndrome may all exhibit similar symptoms.

Meningitis describes inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Tbm is typically a subacute disease with symptoms that may persist for weeks before diagnosis. The illness course varies, with progression over hours to several days. Difficult and recurrent meningitis journal of neurology.

Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by. Examination of the csf is the gold standard for the diagnosis of meningitis. Characteristic cerebrospinal fluid csf findings of tbm include. Pdf differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis remains an important clinical problem, particularly in the initial hours of. The peripheral white blood cell count alone is not help. Diagnosis clinical features and clues to the responsible pathogen. Differential diagnosis between viral and bacterial. Meningitis is an important differential diagnosis in a febrile child with. Bacterial meningitis differential diagnosis wikidoc. Diagnoses to consider aside from meningitis include the following.